As of August 2025, Palestinian women in Gaza continue to endure severe humanitarian and gender-based challenges amidst ongoing conflict and blockade. The situation remains dire, with escalating violence, systemic deprivation, and widespread violations of international human rights law.
Humanitarian Crisis and Gendered Impact
Since the onset of hostilities in October 2023, over 60,000 Palestinians have been killed, with women and children constituting approximately 70% of the casualties . UN Women reports that one million women and girls in Gaza face mass starvation, violence, and abuse, with malnutrition rates soaring and essential services collapsed (UN Women,2025; UN Human Rights Office,2025)
Pregnant women and new mothers are particularly vulnerable. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) indicates that nearly 50% of the estimated 2.1 million displaced and affected people in Gaza are women and girls. The UN Human Rights Office estimates that nearly 70% of the approximately 50,669 people killed between October 2023 and March 2025 were women and children (RCOG,2025; UNFPA, 2025)
Gender-Based Violence and Reproductive Health
The conflict has exacerbated sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Reports from UN experts and human rights organizations document widespread sexual violence, including threats of rape and sexual assault by Israeli forces, as well as enforced disappearances of women and children
Reproductive health services have been severely disrupted. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG,2025) has expressed deep concern over the impact of the ongoing conflict on women and girls, including pregnant women and those who have recently given birth, and the healthcare workers supporting them . Additionally, the destruction of women’s healthcare and reproductive health facilities, along with blocked access to reproductive healthcare, has been reported as part of a broader strategy to oppress Palestinian women and girls (Amnesty International,2025)
International Response and Advocacy
International organizations continue to call for immediate action to address the crisis. UN Women has urged the international community to prioritize the protection of women and girls in Gaza, emphasizing the need for gender-sensitive humanitarian responses . Amnesty International has highlighted the systematic use of gender-based violence and genocidal acts against Palestinian women and girls, calling for accountability and protection measures ( The Sun, 2025; UN Women 2025; Amnesty 2025)
Conclusion
The situation for women in Gaza remains critical, characterized by widespread violence, deprivation, and systemic violations of rights. Immediate and sustained international intervention is essential to address the humanitarian crisis and uphold the rights and dignity of Palestinian women and girls.(Middle East Eye, 2023; Al Jazeera,2023 ; Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor,2023)
References
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UN Women. (2025). Gender alert: The gendered impact of the crisis in Gaza. Retrieved from https://arabstates.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2024/01/gender-alert-the-gendered-impact-of-the-crisis-in-gaza-0
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UN Women. (2025). UN Women statement on the escalating humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza. Retrieved from https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/statement/2025/07/un-women-statement-on-the-escalating-humanitarian-catastrophe-in-gaza
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UN Human Rights Office. (2025). UN report on Israel's gender-based violence and genocidal acts against women's health facilities must spur action to protect Palestinians. Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/03/un-report-on-israels-gender-based-violence-and-genocidal-acts-against-womens-health-facilities-must-spur-action-to-protect-palestinians/
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Amnesty International. (2025). UN report on Israel's gender-based violence and genocidal acts against women's health facilities must spur action to protect Palestinians. Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/03/un-report-on-israels-gender-based-violence-and-genocidal-acts-against-womens-health-facilities-must-spur-action-to-protect-palestinians/
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UNFPA. (2025). Gender-based Violence Trends Analysis: Gaza (April-May 2025). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/unispal/document/unfpa-gender-based-violence-trends-analysis-gaza-april-may-2025/
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Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor. (2024). Field executions, torture, and threats of rape: In Gaza, Israel's army replicates the crimes committed by Zionist gangs in 1948. Retrieved from https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/5221/Field-executions,-torture,-and-threats-of-rape:-In-Gaza,-Israel's-army-replicates-the-crimes-committed-by-Zionist-gangs-in-1948
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BBC News. (2023). Released Palestinians allege abuse in Israeli jails. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-65150209
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Middle East Eye. (2023). Female prisoners threatened with sexual assault, subject to naked beatings. Retrieved from https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-female-prisoners-threatened-sexual-assault-naked-beatings
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Al Jazeera. (2023). Israel's war on Gaza: List of key events, day 55. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/30/israels-war-on-gaza-list-of-key-events-day-55
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Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor. (2023). Field executions, torture, and threats of rape: In Gaza, Israel's army replicates the crimes committed by Zionist gangs in 1948. Retrieved from [https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/5221/Field-execut
The Sun (2025). FURTHER ACTIONS Crisis in Gaza continues to escalate & history will not forgive inaction – Irish govt could do so much more to help. https://www.thesun.ie/news/15639754/crisis-gaza-escalate-irish-government-help/